Practice: The operation of a passively regulated SCR
rebreather is based on the respiratory minute volume (RMV). In other words,
if you breathe the rebreather provides gas. This differs from the active
(normal) systems like the Dolphin and the Ray, which supplement gas
irrespective of whether someone is using the rebreather. Only supplying gas
when a diver asks for it, saves an enormous quantity of gas.
Probably you wonder how the rebreather is able to
notify the moment a diver needs gas. As soon as the diver exhales, the gas
flows into an exhalation lung which contains a second much smaller
exhalation lung. As soon as the divers inhales an under pressure will arise
in the large exhalation lung which squeezes together this inside located
small lung. The small lung dumps the gas into water. At the surface this
quantity of gas is 25% of the breathing volume.
It is important moreover that this discharging takes
place before it enters the CO2 scrubber so less gas flows through the
scrubber and a higher output can be reached. Looking at the gas usage the
PVR-BASC rebreather
will now gain a proportion ~4:1 with regard to open circuit. This of course
because by every breath only ~25% gas is drained into the water. As soon as
the diver goes deeper and the pressure increases, the volume of the
exhalation lung will be reduced by a pressure compensation system.
Because of this also the volume of the drained gas will
decrease linearly with the depth. The result is a larger volume in the
inhalation lung. As the diver descends deeper this ratio will change until
approx. 10 bar. At this depth the gas efficiency is about 40
times better then
with OC!!
The quantity of gas which is added mechanically
corresponds with the quantity of gas which is dumped. A handle links the
inhalation lungs with a supply valve. At every breath the handle rises and
falls. As soon as the inhalation lung is drained the valve opens and gas is
supplemented until the lung is full again. At the Halcyon rebreather the gas
is added `upstream', at the last possible point before the inhalation. We
call this `biased addition'. The location at which the gas is supplied is
important because this makes it possible that the mixing of the gas takes
place as late as possible.
|